Kev tshawb pom ntawm polyurethane [PU] hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo 1937 los ntawm Otto Bayer thiab nws cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam ntawm IG Farben hauv Leverkusen, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.Thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm tau tsom mus rau PU cov khoom tau los ntawm aliphatic diisocyanate thiab diamine tsim polyurea, kom txog rau thaum cov khoom nthuav dav ntawm PU tau txais los ntawm aliphatic diisocyanate thiab glycol, tau pom.Polyisocyanates tau dhau los ua lag luam nyob rau xyoo 1952, tsis ntev tom qab kev lag luam nplai ntau lawm ntawm PU tau pom (tom qab Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II) los ntawm toluene diisocyanate (TDI) thiab polyester polyols.Hauv xyoo tom qab (1952-1954), cov tshuab polyester-polyisocyanate sib txawv tau tsim los ntawm Bayer.
Polyester polyols tau maj mam hloov los ntawm polyether polyols vim lawv ntau qhov zoo xws li tus nqi qis, yooj yim ntawm kev tuav, thiab txhim kho hydrolytic stability dua qub.Poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), tau qhia los ntawm DuPont hauv xyoo 1956 los ntawm polymerizing tetrahydrofuran, ua thawj lub lag luam muaj polyether polyol.Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1957, BASF thiab Dow Chemical tsim polyalkylene glycols.Raws li PTMG thiab 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), thiab ethylene diamine, Spandex fiber hu ua Lycra yog tsim los ntawm Dupont.Nrog rau ntau xyoo, PU kawm tiav los ntawm PU foams hloov tau (1960) rau PU foams (polyisocyanurate foams-1967) raws li ob peb lub tshuab tshuab, polyether polyols, thiab polymeric isocyanate xws li poly methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) tau los ua.Cov PMDI raws li PU foams pom zoo thermal kuj thiab nplaim hluav taws.
Xyoo 1969, PU Reaction Injection Molding [PU RIM] thev naus laus zis tau nthuav tawm uas txuas ntxiv mus rau Reinforced Reaction Txhaj Moulding [RRIM] ua cov khoom siv PU ua haujlwm siab uas xyoo 1983 tau ua thawj lub tsheb yas-lub cev hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Hauv xyoo 1990, vim muaj kev paub txog kev phom sij ntawm kev siv chloro-alkanes ua cov tshuab tshuab (Montreal raws tu qauv, 1987), ob peb lwm cov tshuab tshuab tau tawm hauv khw (xws li carbon dioxide, pentane, 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3- pentafluoropropane).Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob-pob PU, PU-polyurea txau txheej tshuab tuaj rau hauv kev ua si, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj dej noo nrog kev ua haujlwm sai.Tom qab ntawd blossomed lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv cov zaub roj raws li polyols rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm PU.Niaj hnub no, lub ntiaj teb ntawm PU tau los ntev los ntawm PU hybrids, PU composites, non-isocyanate PU, nrog ntau yam kev siv hauv ntau hom kev sib txawv.Cov kev txaus siab hauv PU tau tshwm sim vim lawv qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke yooj yim thiab daim ntawv thov raws tu qauv, yooj yim (ob peb) yooj yim reactants thiab superior zog ntawm cov khoom kawg.Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem muab cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm cov khoom siv raw uas xav tau hauv PU synthesis nrog rau cov tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov PU.
Tshaj Tawm: Cov kab lus no tau hais los ntawm © 2012 Sharmin thiab Zafar, tus neeg tso cai InTech .Tsuas yog kev sib txuas lus thiab kev kawm, tsis txhob ua lwm yam kev lag luam, tsis sawv cev rau lub tuam txhab kev pom thiab kev xav, yog tias koj xav tau rov luam dua, thov hu rau tus thawj sau, yog tias muaj kev ua txhaum cai, thov hu rau peb tam sim ntawd kom tshem tawm cov txheej txheem.